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В работе представлены данные по добыче нефти и природного газа и прогнозы на ближайшую перспективу с одной стороны и тенденции в использовании геотермальной энергии с другой стороны. Показано, что в последнее время происходит увеличение спроса на нефть и газ, вызванный ростом промышленного производства, прежде всего развивающихся стран, приведет к достижению пика их добычи в ближайшие десятилетия, за которым последует постепенное снижение их добычи вследствие ряда причин. Типичные кривые динамики добычи нефти рассмотрены для Северного моря и крупнейшего нефтяного месторождения мира Ghawar в Саудовской Аравии. На этом фоне происходит расширение сфер применения геотермальных ресурсов в целом. Достижения в области геотермальной электроэнергетики и создания тепловых насосов позволили широко использовать не только подземный пар, но и низкоэнтальпийные геотермальные ресурсы на всех континентах, что привело к устойчивой тенденции роста в выработке тепловой энергии во многих странах мира. По состоянию на 2010 год выработка «геотермальной» электроэнергии осуществлялась в 24 государствах, а прямое использование подземного тепла - в 78 странах мира.

Available data on the history of oil and natural gas recovery as well as forecasts for the nearest future on the one hand, and tendencies in the geothermal energy utilization on another hand are discussed in the paper. It was shown that increasing demand for oil and gas last time resulted from the grow of industry, first of all in developing countries, will cause approach to a peak in their production during nearest decades followed by its gradual decrease due to a number of reasons. Typical diagrams of oil recovery dynamics are considered for the North Sea area and the biggest Ghawar oil field in Saudi Arabia. An enhancement of geothermal resources utilization takes place on this background. Achievements in the geothermal power generation and the production of heat pumps gave a possibility of wide utilization not only geothermal water steam but low-enthalpy geothermal resources within all continents as well. It resulted in a tendency to the stable increase of the geothermal energy production in many countries worldwide. In 2010 the geothermal power was generated in 24 countries and the direct underground heat utilization was realized in 78 countries of the world.

доктор геолого-минералогических наук, заведующий лабораторией Республиканского унитарного предприятия «Беларусский научно-исследовательский геологоразведочный институт»

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