550.361(476)

The territory of Belarus is located in the western part of the Precambrian East European Platform with its crystalline basement hidden under the platform cover. Geothermal investigations were fulfilled in the country since the end of sixties of the previous century. Till the present time around 1000 thermograms of boreholes drilled within different crustal blocks have been accumulated. They were used to prepare a number of geothermal maps for the whole country including temperature distribution maps for a number of depths starting from 100 m within the whole territory till 4 km within the deepest sedimentary basin - the Pripyat Trough in the southeastern part of the country, as well as maps of geothermal gradient, heat flow density and geothermal resources. The maximal temperature recorded at the base of the platform cover is around 140°C at the vertical depth of 6.4 km in the deepest Predrechitsa-1 borehole. These maps were included into the Geothermal Atlas of Belarus. Around 300 geothermal installations were constructed and used all over the country starting from the middle of nineties of the past century with their installed capacity around 10 MWth and a few more geothermal heating systems are created annually. No high enthalpy geothermal steam was revealed within the platform cover. Preliminary estimates show that the temperature of 150-180°C corresponds to the crystalline basement and reaches the depths of 8-12 km. All available installations are used for space heating and simultaneously to warm water supply. Heat pump installations are using shallow depth intervals of the platform cover with rather low-enthalpy geothermal resources.

Территория Беларуси расположена в западной части Восточно-Европейской платформы докембрийского возраста c кристаллическим фундаментом, перекрытым платформенным чехлом. Геотермические исследования в стране были начаты в конце 60-х годов прошлого столетия. К настоящему времени были накоплены около 1000 термограмм скважин, пробуренных в разных блоках земной коры. Они были использованы для подготовки ряда геотермических карт для всей территории сраны включая карты распределения температуры для ряда глубин начиная от 100 м в пределах всей территории и до 4 км в самом глубоком осадочном бассейне - Припятском прогибе в юго-восточной части страны, а также карты геотермического градиента, плотности теплового потока и геотермальных ресурсов. Максимальная зарегистрированная температура на подошве платформенного чехла - около 140°С в самой глубокой скважине Предречицкая-1 на вертикальной глубине 6.4 км. Эти карты вошли в Геотермический Атлас Беларуси. Около 300 геотермальных установок созданы и используются по всей территории страны с середины 90-х годов прошлого столетия с суммарной инсталлированной мощностью около 10 МВт и несколько геотермальных отопительных систем создаются ежегодно. В пределах платформенного чехла не выявлено подземного пара. Предварительная оценка показывает, что температура достигает 150-180°C в кристаллическом фундаменте на глубинах 8-12 км. Все имеющиеся установки используются для отопления помещений и одновременного горячего водоснабжения. Теплонасосные установки используют малоглубинные интервалы платформенного чехла с низкоэнтальпийными геотермальными ресурсами.

Doctor of Sciences (Geology and Mineralogy), Professor, of the Department of Regional Geology, Faculty of Geography and Geoinformatics, Belarusian State University

Gorbatcshev R. and Bogdanova S. Frontiers in the Baltic Shield. Precambrian Research. V. 64. Amsterdam. 1993. Pp. 3-21.

Aizberg R.E., Garetsky R.G., Kudryavets I.D., Starchik T.A. On tectonics of the Orsha Depression and its correlation with basement structures. Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. V. 48. Minsk. 2004. Pp. 88-92. (in Russ.).

Makhnach A.S., et al. Geology of Belarus. Institute of Geological Sciences. Minsk. 2001. 815 pp. (in Russ.).

Kudelsky A.V., Pashkevich V.I., Karabanov A.K., Pavlovskaya I.E., Korkin V.D. Hydrosphere of Belarus at the latest tectonic stage.Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. V. 44. Minsk. 2000. Pp. 79-83. (in Russ.).

Zui V.I. Geothermal Atlas of Belarus. National Library of Belarus. Minsk. 2018. 89 pp. (in Russ and Engl.).

Zui V.I. Low Heat Flow at Shallow Depth Intervals: Case Studies from Belarus. International Journal of terrestrial heat flow and applied geothermics. V. 4. No. 1. 2021. Pp. 79-84. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31214/ijthfa.v4i1.57.

Zui V.I. Geothermal Resources and their Utilization in Belarus, Proceedings,World Geothermal Congress. 2010. Bali. Indonesia. 25-29 April (2010). paper #0170. Pp. 1-12.

Zui V.I. Thermal Field within the Platform Cover of Belarus. Econompress. Minsk. 2013. 256 pp. (in Russ.).

Protasenya D.G. Some regularities of Geothermics of deep parts of the Pripyat Trough. Doklady AN BSSR. 1962. V. 6. No. 1. Pp. 49-52. (Russ.).

Bogomolov Yu.G., Shpakov O.N., Atroshchenko P.P. Heat flow in the southern slope of the Belarusian Crystalline Massif. Vestnik of the Moscow State University. No. 6. Moscow. 1969. Pp. 95-98 (in Russ.).

Bogomolov G.V., Lyubimova E.A., Tsybulya L.A., Kutasov I.M., Atroshchenko P.P. Heat flow within the Pripyat Depression. Vesti of the Academy of Sci. of BSSR. Series of Physics-Technical Sciences. No. 2. Minsk. 1970. Pp. 97-103. (in Russ.).

Bogomolov G.V., Tsybulya L.A., Atroshchenko P.P. Geothermal zonality of the BSSR. Minsk. Nauka I tekhnika. 1972. 216 p. (in Russ.).

Levashkevich V.G. Regularities of the distribution of the geothermal field of the outskirts of the East European platform (Barents Sea and Belarusian-Baltic regions): thesis of the doctoral dissertation in Geology and Mineralogy Sciences: 25.00.10. Institute of Geochemistry and Geophysics. NAS of Belarus, Geological Institute, Kola Scientific Center of the RAS. Moscow. 2005. 44 p.

Parkhomov M.D. Thermal regime of the Pripyat Trough. Seismologic and Geothermal investigations in Belarus: collection of scientific articles. Institute of Geochemistry and Geophysics AN of the BSSR. (Editor R.G.Garetsky), Minsk. 1985. Pp. 124-130. (in Russ.).

Zhuk M.S., Tsalko P.B., Zui V.I. Heat flow of the Pripyat Trough. Lithosphere. No. 1 (20). Minsk. 2004. Pp. 122-130.

Gribik Ya.G., Zui V.I. Features of geothermal field within the Pripyat Trough. Proceedings. Contemporary Problems of Geology. University Geological Readings devoted to 60th Anniversary of a discovery of the Starobin Potassium Deposit. Minsk. 3-4 April. 2009. E.A.Vysotsky et al. (Eds.). Minsk. 2009. Pp. 41-43. (in Russ.).

Zui V.I. Geothermal field structure of the Pripyat Trough. Monitoring. Nauka i tehnologii. 2014. No. 1(18). Pp. 16-22. (in Russ.).

Garetsky R.G., et al. Paleotectonics of Belarus. Nauka i Tekhnika. Minsk. 1983. 182 pp. (in Russ.).

Hurter S., Haenel R. Atlas of Geothermal Resources in Europe. Leibnitz Institute for Applied Geosciences (GGA). Hannover. Germany. 2002. 91 pp + 89 plates.

Zui V.I., Pavlovskaya O.A. Examples of geothermal resources utilizations in Belarus, Proceedings. VI University Geological Readings «Innovations in Geology and Utilization of Entrails». Minsk. 6-7 April. 2012. V.N.Gubin, et al. Minsk. Belarusian State University. 2012. Pp. 17-19. (in Russ.).